Association between dental agenesis and delay in dental development: a preliminary study in a Spanish paediatric population in relation with Dental Anomaly Pattern (DAP).

BACKGROUND: The association between dental anomalies has been studied, giving rise to the concept of Dental Anomaly Pattern (DAP). Tooth agenesis has been associated with alterations such as molar infracclusion, taurodontism and delayed dental development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dental development pattern in patients with non-syndromic dental agenesis, in comparison with a control group. METHODS: Dental and chronological age was analysed in a sample size of 204 orthopantomographs divided into a study group (n = 104) and a control group (n = 100) with the Demirjian Method. Intra and intergroup differences in chronological and dental age, and the correlation between them were calculated by statistical analysis with a 95% confidence level (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Dental age exceeded chronological age both in the control group and in the study group. Statistically significant differences (p = 0.004) were found when comparing the difference between chronological and dental age in the study (-0.16 ± 1.12) and control group (-0.58 ± 0.90). Regarding sex and age intergroup differences, the results were only statistically significant in the girls' group (p = 0.017), and the age over 8 years old (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in tooth development depending on the number of missing teeth or the affected tooth group, but there was a delay in the development of the homologous tooth contralateral to the absent one in 14.9% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The difference between chronological and dental age in permanent dentition is significantly lower in Spanish children with non-syndromic agenesis compared to a control group, presenting a lower dental age than chronological age than children without non-syndromic agenesis.

Study of the influence of crossbite on the size of the apical area in a child population by analyzing panoramic X-ray.

BACKGROUND: The apical area is the space in the maxillary bones that contains teeth during formation and is subsequently occupied by the apices of the permanent teeth. Its dimensions are easy to perceive and determine by observing a panoramic X-ray. Our objective was to analyze the influence of crossbite on the size of the anterior and mesial apical area in Caucasian children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Based on the ortopantomograph of 353 patients in mixed dentition and crossbite, the sizes of the apical areas of the four hemiarches were studied using the Tps Dig Version 2® computer program. These data were subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS 22.0 for Windows program and applying the methods of descriptive statistics of quantitative variables, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the non-parametric test Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test, and the paired Student t-test. RESULTS: In the group of boys, average values in the superior-mesial, superior-anterior, inferior-mesial and inferior-anterior apical areas of the crossbite were 173.43, 99.85, 180.32 and 87.56 respectively, with the lower values being in the hemiarch without malocclusion. In the group of girls, for the same apical areas, average values were 165.64, 94.24, 168.62 and 83.34 respectively, with all the highest values being in the hemiarch with crossbite, except for the inferior-mesial apical area. Statistically significant differences were found in the hemiarch with crossbite between both genders in the superior-anterior, inferior-anterior and inferior-mesial apical areas, with the significance being 0.001, 0.029 and 0.001 respectively, while in the hemiarch without malocclusion significance was observed in the superior-mesial, superior-anterior and inferior-mesial apical areas, with values of 0.004, 0.001 and 0.004, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Crossbite affects the size of the anterior apical area in both arches and in both genders. The mesial apical area is influenced by this malocclusion in the jaw in boys and in the maxilla girls. Key words:Apical area, ortopantomography, crossbite.

Estudio de la prevalencia de manifestaciones radiográficas por fracaso pulpar en dentición decidua / Study of radiographic manifestations prevalence for pulp failure in temporary dentition

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue estudiar los signos patológicos observados en molares temporales en los que se había realizado una pulpotomía. Material y método. Fueron evaluadas 79 radiografías intraorales de molares en los que se había realizado una pulpotomía. Se estudiaron los patrones de reabsorción radicular interna y externa y la presencia de lesiones radiolúcidas en la furca. Resultados. La reabsorción radicular interna patológica fue observada en el 43% de los molares temporales y la reabsorción radicular externa patológica, en el 34,2% del total de la muestra. Las lesiones radiolúcidas de la furca radicular estuvieron presentes en el 39,1% de los molares deciduos. Conclusiones. La manifestación radiográfica más frecuente fue la reabsorción radicular interna patológica. Sin embargo, este fracaso radiográfico puede ser considerado tan solo un efecto secundario, si no se acompaña de manifestaciones clínicas y no compromete la función del diente hasta su exfoliación fisiológica (AU)

Objective. The study of pathological signs observed in temporary molars that received pulpotomy treatment. Material and method. 79 intraoral x-ray of temporary molars that received pulpotomy treatment were evaluated. The patterns of internal and external root resorption and the presence of radiolucent lesions in the fork were studied. Results. The internal pathological root resorption was observed in 43% of the molars and pathologic external root resorption in 34.2% of the total sample. Radiolucent furcation lesions were present in 39.1% of deciduous molars. Conclusions. The most common radiographic manifestation was pathological internal root resorption. however, this radiographic failure can be considered as only a side effect, if it is not accompanied by clinical manifestations and does not compromise the function of the tooth until its physiological exfoliation (AU)

Patología orofacial en niños nacidos en condiciones de alto riesgo. Estudio piloto / Orofacial pathology in children born under high-risk conditions. A pilot study

Introducción: los niños nacidos en condiciones de alto riesgo presentan mayor riesgo de padecer enfermedades. A nivel oral observamos en estudios previos hipoplasias de esmalte, caries y alteraciones en paladar, fundamentalmente. Nuestro objetivo fue conocer la patología orofacial y su relación con el bajo peso al nacimiento en una población de niños nacidos en condiciones de alto riesgo de Granada. Pacientes y método: la muestra fue de 60 niños de 46 años nacidos en condiciones de alto riesgo y que necesitaron cuidados intensivos neonatales. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo para determinar la patología en estos niños y un análisis estadístico univariante para analizar las variables según el peso en el nacimiento. Resultados: observamos una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el peso al nacimiento menor de 1550 gramos y las variables perinatales. El porcentaje de anomalías estructurales dentarias, caries, hábitos orofaciales y traumatismos observado en nuestra muestra fue elevado, existiendo relación estadísticamente significativa con el peso al nacer. Los hábitos higiénicos y asistencia dental previa fueron escasos, no estando relacionados con el peso en el nacimiento. Conclusiones: es importante considerar los datos neonatales ya que aportan información sobre la presencia de secuelas en el paciente infantil nacido en condiciones de riesgo y permitirá al odontopediatra establecer protocolos preventivos y de atención al niño (AU)